The following is a guest post written by Brian Flora on behalf of IU Health
Introduction
Crohn’s disease, which is one of the irritable bowel diseases, occurs when you have chronic inflammation in your gastrointestinal tract. If you have Crohn’s disease or you are close to someone who does, you probably know that the condition can lead to some embarrassing situations. However, careful management allows most people with Crohn’s disease to lead full and active lives. Whether Crohn’s disease is new to you or not, you can continue to test old and new treatment strategies to put the condition in remission.
The Basics of Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease is an autoimmune disorder, which means that your immune system reacts against cells in your own body. This leads to chronic inflammation, especially in the large intestine, or colon, and small intestine. Similar to Type I diabetes, which is another autoimmune disease, you are most likely to develop Crohn’s disease when you are under 30 years old. Young children can also have Crohn’s disease. Individuals with a family history are at highest risk.
Symptoms of Crohn’s disease vary, but most often include diarrhea, stomachaches, vomiting, pain in the joints and fatigue from lack of nutrient absorption. Flare-ups involving bloody diarrhea and long-lasting fever require urgent medical attention. Endoscopy, MRI and ultrasound imaging, blood tests and stool samples can confirm the disease in children or adults. Once you have the diagnosis, you can begin treatment to put the disease into remission and prevent complications, such as ulcers, fistulas, colon cancer and bowel obstruction.
Medicinal and Nutritional Treatment
Crohn’s disease is chronic condition with no known cure, but treatment helps relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation to make episodes less severe. Anti-inflammatory medications include amino-salicylates, or 5-ASAs, and corticosteroids. Each individual has a different response to treatment, and surgery to remove part of the intestine can help children who do not respond to these medications, according to IUHealth Riley.
Nutritional therapy for Crohn’s disease helps prevent symptoms of malnutrition resulting from malabsorption. You will need to experiment to see which foods are best for you, since people have different responses. You may have lactose intolerance and need to limit your intake of dairy products, and chances are good that you can benefit from limiting saturated fat, which is in butter, cream and high-fat meats. Many people find that cabbage, broccoli and raw fruits and vegetables make symptoms worse, but you may be able to get your fiber from cooked fruits and vegetables instead. Children who eat more fruits and vegetables have a lower risk for developing Crohn’s disease.
Dietary supplements can counter the effects of malabsorption and keep you healthy. Vitamin B-12 injections can prevent anemia and growth stunting in children. Calcium and vitamin D supplements support strong bones. Children can take advantage of intravenous feeding to get more calories and protein and support normal growth. Emerging research suggests that omega-three fatty acids, which are in fatty fish and cod liver oil, may reduce inflammation. Supplements of probiotics, or healthy bacteria, can help fight diarrhea. Specialists in digestive diseases can help you develop an appropriate diet and supplement plan to stay healthy.
Support
Support is a critical, often overlooked, component of managing Crohn’s disease. Support groups are encouraging settings to make friends and exchange information. Because they are highly aware of their special treatment and differences from their classmates, children with Crohn’s disease have an especially great need for interacting with their peers with the same condition. Associations such as the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America have local chapters to organize meetings.
Support groups reduce stress and make daily life easier for caregivers. These meetings give caregivers the chance to leave the home and talk to people in their situations. Activities completely unrelated to caregiving, such as group exercise classes at a local gym, are great stress relievers, too.
Conclusion
Crohn’s disease may not have a cure, but you can certainly do your part to control it. If you have Crohn’s disease, or you are helping to care for someone who does, remember that your extra effort can keep flare-ups milder and less frequent. Explore the dietary and lifestyle changes to find the ones that are best for your individual situation, and keep watching the news for the latest research on understanding and treating Crohn’s disease.